ABSTRACT
Objectives: The goal of this research was to see how reliable and valid three selected parameters from different analysis were in detecting the vertical skeletal pattern. Methods: There were 94 cephalometric x?rays used in all. The vertical skeletal pattern was assessed using the mandibular plane angle by Steiner, Frankfort mandibular angle by Tweed, and facial axis angle by McNamara. According to the diagnostic results of the majority of the measures, the samples were classified as normo?divergent, hypodivergent, or hyperdivergent. Kappa statistics, positive predictive value, and sensitivity were employed to verify the validity and reliability of the analyses. Results: A statistically significant weak negative correlation was found between Frankfort mandibular angle and facial axis angle in female group (p value < 0.01). A good agreement was found between mandibular plane angle with final diagnosis (K = 0.726). The mandibular plane angle showed highest sensitivity and positive predictive value in hypodivergent group (0.939, 0.816) and normo?divergent group (0.795, 0.833), respectively. Conclusion: For determining the facial vertical growth pattern the most accurate indicators were identified to be mandibular plane angle (SN?GoGn) and Frankfort mandibular angle.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify two different growth types vertical growth (V-class) and lateral growth (L-class)) of Justicia procumbens, and compare the contents of chemical compounds between upper part and different organs. Method: DNA was extracted from the leaves of two growth forms of J. procumbens. Internal transcriptional spacer 2 (ITS2) and psbA-trnH sequences were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and bidirectional sequencing. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the contents of justicidin B (JB) and chinensinaphthol methyl ether (CME) from the above-ground parts of V-class and L-class J. procumbens and their inflorescence,leaves,and stems. Independent sample T-test and Paired-sample T-test were used to compare the contents of JB and CME from two different growth forms of J. procumbens and their different organs. Result: The DNA sequences after shearing were shown to be identical between the V-class and L-class samples. Independent sample T-test showed no difference on the content of JB between the above-ground parts of V-class and L-class samples,but the content of CME was higher in V-class J. procumbens than L-class (PT-test showed that the content of JB and CME were different in the inflorescence,leaves,and stems of J. procumbens (PJ. procumbens was higher than that in L-class. Conclusion: DNA barcoding and comparison of JB and CME content indicated that the two different growth forms of J. procumbens belong to the same species. The contents of CME were different in J. procumbens between different growth forms,and was higher in V-class. Meanwhile,due to the little content of JB and CME in stems,the best picking time of J. procumbens is the flowering and fruiting period with more inflorescence and leaves.
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to investigate the difference of chin morphology and mandibular form in relation to different mandibular growth direction. The subject was divided into three group i.e., control group, vertical group, and horizontal group, according to the criteria of Bjork sum, and each group was composed of 15 females and 15 males. Medial axis analysis in addition to the routine cephalometric analysis using P.I.A.S. (personal image analysing system) was carried out to find out the differences of mandibular morphology on each group. The results were as follows: 1. The area of symphysis was larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 2. Protruding chin area was also larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 3. There was a close correlationship between protruding chin area and other form of mandible. 4. Antegonial notch depth and ramus posterior contour depth was deeper in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group, and antegonial notch depth was more influenced by anterior part of notch than posterior part of notch. 5. Mental medial axis and incisal medial axis length, in relation to corpus medial axis length was larger in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group.